同型半胱氨酸、维生素D、C、E、B12及叶酸与胃癌关系的研究进展北大核心

胃癌作为临床最常见的肿瘤之一,常因确诊疾病较晚而影响治疗效果,胃镜活检后的病理虽然作为确诊的金标准,但是由于此方式过程痛苦,操作复杂,费用较高,且具有侵入性,可能会导致患者拒绝操作而难普及于临床,因此积极找寻胃癌有效的监测指标十分必要。近年来,很多学者研究维生素与胃癌的相关关系,并试图通过摄取某些维生素降低胃癌发生率,延缓病情及改善预后,也有通过检测血清中维生素的水平给早期胃癌的诊断提供帮助。本文就同型半胱氨酸、维生素D、维生素C、维生素E、维生素B12及叶酸在胃癌中的作用机制,及其在血清中水平与胃癌关系的相关研究进展进行简要综述,为临床胃癌诊疗提供新思路。     

藏药细叶亚菊的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立细叶亚菊的质量标准，为其质量控制和合理开发利用提供科学参考。方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱法（TLC）对细叶亚菊进行定性分析；参照《中国药典》（2020年版）通则方法对细叶亚菊水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水溶性浸出物进行含量检查；利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定细叶亚菊中绿原酸、异绿原酸A的含量。结果 确定了细叶亚菊的药材性状及显微特征。TLC鉴别显示，供试品（细叶亚菊药材）与对照品（绿原酸、异绿原酸A）在相应位置上均显示相同颜色的荧光斑点。13批细叶亚菊水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物的含量分别为8.55%-13.07%、6.81%-12.68%、1.11%-3.53%、8.41%-11.64%；绿原酸、异绿原酸A的含量范围分别为0.072%-0.440%、0.283%-1.324%（n=3）。结论 本研究建立的方法准确稳定，可为细叶亚菊的质量控制提供参考。暂规定细叶亚菊水分不得过12.0%，总灰分不得过10.0%，酸不溶性灰分不得过2.5%，水溶性浸出物不得少于8.0%，绿原酸不得少于0.2%，异绿原酸A不得少于0.6%。     

Sickle cell nephropathy: A review of novel biomarkers and their potential roles in early detection of renal involvement

Whether the underlying mutations are homozygous, heterozygous, or co-inherited with other hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell disease is known to afflict the kidneys, leading to the clinical entity known as sickle cell nephropathy (SCN). Although common, SCN remains diagnostically elusive. Conventional studies performed in the context of renal disorders often fail to detect early stage SCN. This makes the quest for early diagnosis and treatment more challenging, and it increases the burden of chronic kidney disease-related morbidity among patients. Novel diagnostic tools have been employed to overcome this limitation. In this study, we discuss various biomarkers of SCN, including those employed in clinical practice and others recently identified in experimental settings, such as markers of vascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, tubulo-glomerular damage, and oxidative stress. These include kidney injury molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase, ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, nephrin, and cation channels, among others. Furthermore, we explore the potential of novel biomarkers for refining diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and describe some obstacles that still need to be overcome. We highlight the importance of a collaborative approach to standardize the use of promising new biomarkers. Finally, we outline the limitations of conventional markers of renal damage as extensions of the pathogenic process occurring at the level of the organ and its functional subunits, with a discussion of the expected pattern of clinical and biochemical progression among patients with SCN.     

物理治疗翻转课堂教学应用效果的系统综述

目的 系统评价翻转课堂教学模式在物理治疗学教学中的应用效果。方法 计算机检索CENTRAL、MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL Plus、Academic Search Premier、Teacher Reference Center、ERIC以及Education Research,纳入翻转课堂教学模式应用于物理治疗学教学的原始研究。检索时限为建库至2021年6月。由2名研究人员独立完成文献筛选、数据提取、质量评价,对翻转课堂教学模式对比传统教学模式在物理治疗学教学中的效果进行综述。结果与结论 共检索文献1 307篇,最终纳入7篇,包括至少770名学生。发表时间集中在2013年至2019年,研究对象为物理治疗学专业学生,主要结局指标为考试成绩。翻转课堂教学模式总体说来可提高学生的笔试成绩,增强高阶思维能力,得到了学生和教师的积极评价。     

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary liver tumors: An effective liver-directed therapy in the toolbox

The use of radiation for primary liver cancers has historically been limited because of the risk of radiation-induced liver disease. Treatment fields have become more conformal because of several technical advances, and this has allowed for dose escalation. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, is now able to safely treat liver tumors to ablative doses while sparing functional liver parenchyma by using highly conformal therapy. Several retrospective and small prospective studies have examined the use of SBRT for liver cancers; however, there is a lack of well-powered randomized studies to definitively guide management in these settings. Recent advances in systemic therapy for primary liver cancers have improved outcomes; however, the optimal selection criteria for SBRT as a local therapy remain unclear among other liver-directed options such as radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, and radioembolization.     

Effects of Wenyang Zhenshuai Granules on the Expression of Key Mitochondrial Autophagy Proteins in the Doxorubicin-Induced Model of H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Injury

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - This study aimed to explore the effects of Wenyang Zhenshuai granules (WZG) on the morphology of cardiomyocytes, cell viability, and the expression...     

Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

广泛性焦虑障碍住院患者与健康对照者的认知功能比较研究

背景 广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）是常见的慢性精神疾病，常伴有不同程度的认知功能损害，严重影响患者的生活质量及社会功能。 目的 比较GAD住院患者与健康对照者认知功能的差异。 方法 选取2018年8月至2020年1月在南方医科大学南方医院住院治疗的GAD患者为GAD组（n=30），同期通过广告在南方医科大学南方医院住院患者陪护人员中招募年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者为健康对照组（n=30）。使用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和Beck自杀意念量表中文版（BSI-CV）进行心理测评，采用精神运动警觉性任务（PVT）、Go/No-go联想任务、N-back任务分别评估认知功能的注意、抑制及工作记忆功能。比较两组一般情况、量表测评总分及认知功能差异，进一步采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究GAD住院患者和健康对照者的认知功能差异。 结果 GAD组HAMA、HAMD总分和最严重情况时BSI-CV总分及最严重情况时存在自杀意念者所占比例高于健康对照组（P<0.05）。N-back任务：GAD组1-back击中目标率（NBACK1a）、2-back击中目标率（NBACK2a）低于健康对照组，1-back击中目标的平均反应时（NBACK1b）长于健康对照组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，NBACK1a〔OR=0.946，95%CI（0.898，0.997），P=0.038〕、NBACK1b〔OR=1.007，95%CI（1.000，1.014），P=0.042〕是GAD的影响因素。 结论 与健康对照者相比，GAD住院患者的工作记忆较差，需要临床关注。